LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

©lajt^LToiajtQng^ !fa* 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



TEXT-BOOK 



OF 



Gilberts Phonography. 



By JUSTIN GILBERT, 

OFFICIAL REPORTER. 

author of 
'Vowels for Reporting Style of Phonography.' 



A SYSTEM OF SHORTHAND 

Affording Vowel representation by means of the 

Length of Consonant Outlines, as well as 

by means of position and of disjoined 

dots and' dashes as used in systems 

heretofore devised. 



**C0P YR,G H7- 

MJG 22 18W 

CHICAGO: ^^ 2^ 

Justin Gilbert, 125 Dearborn St. H^sj 
1891. 



)•' 



njz* 



Copyright, 
1891, 

By Just ix Gilbert, 



^ 



CONTENTS. 



CHArTER I.— Introductory, 
Method of Study, 



Page. 

7 



CHAPTER II. — Phonographic Alfabet. 
Table of Consonants, 
Manner of Joining Consonants, . 
Direction of Writing- Consonants, 
Vowels, .... 

Table of Vowels, 
Table of Difthongs, 



13 
14 



CHAPTER III.— Hooks, Circles, Loops, Ticks 
Zfay-hook, 
/.-hook and r-hook, 
.F-hook and «-hook, 
is/z'-hook and arzMiook 
Eft-h.ook. and ent-\\ook., 
T or d added to Hay, 
Emp-stro'ke, 
S or ^--circle, . . 

&5-circle, 
Steh-loop, 
Ster-\oop, 

Hooks attached to circles — m-hook, 
lu-hoo'k. attached to .^-circle, 
In-hook. preceding or following consonant stroke 
Tw/Miook, . 
IVay-hook, 
Hay-tick, 
r-tick, 
fourth length to add thr, etc 



17 and 26 
• 17 
19 
20 
20 



22 
. 23 

23 
. 24 

25 
• 25 

25 

7 and 26 
26 
. 26 
27 



CHAPTER IV.— Prefixes and Suffixes. 
Circum- and ^// : , 
Con-, com- and <%>£■-, 
Accom-, .... 
Con-, etc., implied, . 
Contra-, contro- and counter-, 
Magna-, magne- and magni-, 
Inter-, enter- and under-, 
Prefixes joined to foregoing syllable, 
-/«£■ and -ings, . 



28 
28 
29 
29 
29 
30 
30 
30 
30 



CHAPTER IV.— Continued. 
-Self and -selves, 
-Ingly, .... 
-Ality and -arit\\ 
-Ology and -alogy, 
-Bleness, -fulness and -sameness, . 
-Lessness, .... 
-Ship, ..... 
-Est and -ist, 

-Ment, .... 

-£tf, -A?^ and -ded, 
-Mental and -mentality, 
letters or syllables following suffixes 
Advice to the student. 



joined. 



CHAPTER V.— Word-Signs and Contractions. 
Word-Signs, .... 

Contractions, .... 

Eist of contracted words, 
Suggestions as to forming contractions, 

CHAPTER VI.— Phrasing. 

General rule for phrasing, 
Words joined by ticks, 
Words joined by circles, 
Half-circle word-signs enlarged, . 
Words denoted by vowels, 
Words denoted by hooks, . 
F-hook on curved strokes, 
Words denoted by fourth length, 
Word-signs prefixed and suffixed, 
Words and syllables implied in phrasing. 
Suggestions as to forming phrases, . - 
Miscellaneous phrases, 



Page. 


• 31 


31 


• 31 


32 


. 32 


32 


• 32 


33 


• 33 


33 


• 34 


34 


• 34 


35 


• 35 


39 


. 44 


45 


. 46 


47 


. 48 


48 


• 50 


5i 


. 52 


52 


• 53 


55 


• 56 



CHAPTER VII. — Punctuation, Additional Vowel Signs and Words Dis 

TINGUISHED. 

Punctuation, ........ 

Additional vowel-signs, ...... 

Table of vowels and difthongs, .... 

IV prefixed to vowels and difthongs, .... 

Y prefixed to vowels, ....... 

Words distinguished which are liable to conflict, 



CHAPTER VIII.— Phonographic Nomenclature, . 
CHAPTER IX.— Practice Exercises, 



63 
. 64 



PREFACE. 



The aim of authors of Phonography, until recently, has been to 
perfect a system which would "answer all the purposes for which 
longhand is employed," and "secure, for reporting purposes, ample 
speed of writing, without illegibility." 

The world's demand for a rapid, easy and legible mode of writing 
for general use has been met by the typewriting machine instead of by 
shorthand; and the only object which should be sought at the present 
time by the construction of a system of shorthand is that of securing 
ample brevity and legibility for reporting purposes. 

In the systems of Phonography now in general use, one entire class 
of the elementary sounds of the language, the vowels, is assigned to 
disjoined dots and dashes, which, in correspondence, are to be written 
after the consonant strokes are finished, and, in reporting, almost en- 
tirely omitted, as one of the means of obtaining sufficient brevity. 
Thus, in reporting, by these systems, but a partial representation of 
sounds is possible to be made, and the omission of sounds renders it 
impossible to obtain a proper degree of legibility. This is the result 
of the twofold object in the construction of these systems. 

A system of shorthand securing ample speed of writing for report- 
ing purposes is incompatible with a system affording simplicity suffi- 
cient for general use in correspondence, and the systems of Phonogra- 
phy now in general use, being devised originally for the two purposes, 
are but partially adequate for either. 

When it was manifest that Phonography, as constructed, would 
fail to answer both purposes, many phonographers set about to con- 
struct it upon the basis of the needs of the practicing stenographer 
entirely. To remedy the defect caused by the omission of the vow- 
els, they provided connective vowel-strokes, so that all sounds 
might be written in their order, without lifting the pen. These con- 
nective vowel-signs did not improve Phonography, but heightened the 
difficulty of reporting, because (i) all available strokes had already 
been devoted to consonant representation, and the change of certain 
strokes from consonant to vowel representation reduced the material 



vi Preface. 

available for brief writing; (2) the outlines occasioned by the con- 
nected vowel-signs were so long that enormous contractions were nec- 
essary to be made to obtain sufficient brevity for reporting; and (3) the 
difference in appearance between the full outlines of words and abbre- 
viated outlines was so great that it was very difficult to become famil- 
iar with both so that either could be quickly written or read, at pleas- 
ure, in actual work. 

The system of Vowels for Reporting Styi,e of Phonogra- 
phy, or Gilbert's Phonography, was then devised, which combines 
consonant and vowel representation in the same strokes, according full 
VP'Jel, as well as consonant, representation to Phonography, without 
detracting from brevity, as will be seen by a comparison. This sys- 
tem is constructed in every particular with an eye solely to the needs 
of the stenographer, and with it he can write all the sounds of lan- 
guage at once as they fall upon his ear, by the briefest forms that can 
be devised. It is not only unnecessary by this system to omit the 
vowels in reporting, but impossible to do so, the same strokes repre- 
senting both consonants and vowels. The additional significance 
thus given the simple pen-strokes, which formerly represented the 
consonants only, immeasurably increases the facilities for rapid writing, 
and renders possible a degree of exactitude in reporting which was 
impossible before. 

The details of the system of Gilbert's Phonography are more sys- 
tematically arranged and easy of acquisition than those of any other 
system. The author has received much valuable aid from brother 
stenographers in both devising the new features introduced in Phonog- 
raphy by this S}'stem and arranging the details of the system; and it 
is owing to this help that it has reached so high a degree of perfection. 
The system is but the natural development of Phonography, and so 
closely resembles the older systems as to be comparatively easy of 
acquisition by writers who desire to secure the advantages of its supe- 
rior legibility. 

Bach principle is fully explained, and amply illustrated by exer- 
cises, so that this book will be a complete guide for self-instruction, and 
convenient for use in teaching. 

It is a demonstrable and demonstrated fact that this system pre- 
sents the highest development of shorthand in brevity, simplicity, 
facility and legibility. THK AUTHOR. 



GILBERT'S PHONOGRAPHY. 



CHAPTER I.— Introductory. 

Phonography, in the broadest sense, is the art of expressing the 
sounds of a language. As generally understood, it is a system of short- 
hand which represents language by its elementary sounds. 

In Phonography a letter or character is provided for each element- 
ary sound of language, and words are expressed by phonetic orthog- 
raphy. In the common orthography, different letters and combina- 
tions of letters are often used to represent one elementary sound; in 
Phonography each letter is used exclusively to represent one particular 
elementary sound. For instance, the sound of o is written in the same 
manner when represented by ough, as in though, as when represented 
by ow y as in low, and the sound of k is writteu in the same manner 
when represented by c, as in can, and x, as in except, as when repre- 
sented by k, as in king. In Phonography the letters to be used in any 
word are invariably indicated by the elementary sounds of the word. 

The elementary sounds of a word may be ascertained by pro- 
nouncing it very slowly. Pronunciation is but the rapid utterance of 
elementary sounds, and, upon a very slow pronunciation, the different 
elementary sounds are easily distinguished 

Letters are classed as consonants and vowels. In the English 
language there are twenty-four consonant sounds and sixteen vowel 
sounds.* These consonant sounds are represented in the common 
orthography by the letters b, c, d,f, g, h, j, k, I, m, n, p, q, r, s, /, v, 
w, x, y, z, or by combinations of letters, and the vowel sounds by 



*There are certain vowel sounds which undergo slight modifications when 
connected with certain consonants, virtually increasing the number of vowel 
sounds, but, for the purposes of shorthand, it is entirely unnecessary to provide 
distinct signs for such modifications. 

1 



8 Gilbert's Phonography. 

the letters a, t\ /, o } u, and sometimes w and \\ and by combina- 
tions of letters. 

In Phonography each consonant sound is denoted by a distinct 
sign, a simple pen-stroke. To secure brevity, the vowel sounds are 
indicated by different lengths and positions given the consonant signs, 
and, sometimes, by dots and dashes placed beside consonant signs. 

The following diagrams show the source from which the conso- 
nant stems are derived. As will be seen, there are twelve element- 
ary signs available. By shading them, tweiity-fonr simple pen-strokes 
are secured. These strokes are used to represent the twenty-four com 
sonant sounds of the English language. They are assigned to the 
different consonant sounds in accordance with the laws of analogy, 
the corresponding light and heavy strokes representing concurrent 
consonant sounds. 




METHOD OF STUDY. 

The learner should provide himself with a pen, medium or fine 
pointed, flexible enough to make a shaded stroke without laborious 
pressure, and ruled paper of a good quality. If desired, a pencil may 
be used, the student alternating his practice with pen and pencil. A 
good gold fountain pen, however, is the best and most convenient. 

."Every exercise should be written and re-written until all the 
principles illustrated are thoroughly impressed upon the memory and 
muscles. Speed in shorthand cannot be attained without much and 
continued exercise of the hand and arm in the careful formation of the 
outlines of words, as well as of the mind in recalling the principles 
and forms to be used. Thus, time spent in writing and reading the 
exercises of this book, even after the student understands all the 
principles perfectly, is only time spent in acquiring speed in writ- 
ing, which time must be similarly spent, in any event, before speed 
can be attained. The student should read all the shorthand he writes. 
Proficiency is attained quickest by keeping advancement in reading 
parallel with advancement in writing. He should write characters as 
nearly the size of the engraved copy as possible. 



CHAPTER II.— Phonographic Alfabrt. 
\ i. TABLE OF CONSONANTS. 

SIGN. POWER. USUAIv NAME. 

\ p pay, stopped '. Pe. 

\ b be, ebb Be. 

t to, hoped. Te. 

d day, signed. De. 

ch whir//, church... Chay. 

j gem, just Jay. 

k come, £ill, Kay. 

g league, get Gay. 

f phrase, off, tough Ef. 



I 

/ 
/ 



V v of, have Ve. 

( th ///ink, wrath Ith. 

\ dh the, \oathe Dhe (pron. the), 

) s ire, set, mess Es. 

/ z is, ^oiie Ze. 

J sh sure, push, shut Isli. 

J zh measure, virion Zhe. 

C I will, let EL 

I r run, far Ar, 

•~\ 111 me, c qbi nb Em. 

\^y ii know, not En. 

>»»• ng thing, linger Ing. 

7 iu went, one, , Way. 

f y yet, ^//clire Yay. 

^ h he, who Hay. 

^ r ran, far Ray 

9 



io Gilbert" s Phonography. 

MANNER OF JOINING CONSONANTS. 

\ 2. When two or more consonant strokes are joined, the second 
is commenced where the first ends, and so on, whether an angle occurs 
at the place of junction or not. 

$ 3. A heavy straight consonant joining a light consonant without 
an angle is gradually tapered toward the light; thus, 



X^X-M 



*.w. l-o-, etc. 



$ 4. A heavy curved consonant joining a heavy consonant without 
an angle, is continued heavy to the place of junction; thus, 



, I... d-v y %°~r?.t 



v-g, ..y^rrr: b-ngy I... d-v y \**r?.d-ng, etc 



DIRECTION OF WRITING CONSONANTS. 
I 5. Ray ^^ (not. ?S) and Hay must always be written upward, 

and more slanting than Chay ■• (which must always be written down- 
ward): thus, S.\ r .p {^ch'p)y^-r-ch (^.-ch-r)^- r-Uygfh-chy 

<c....h- l > S\ h -P> etc - 

\ 6. Ish _J 'and E l/^may be written either upward or downward 
according to convenience; thus, ~~yk-sh, ^yn-shy . ( k-ly .i^^l-m, 
.... Z- fn > ^^f-sh, etc. 



\ 7. All other slanting and perpendicular consonants must always 
bz written downward, and all horizontal consonant! from lefc to right; 

thus: \fi-t. ...\n-ty ..'..k-chy Xm-th. 



s: \p-t, ...\n-ty ..'..k-chy ^Jj 



Gilberts Phonography. i] 

READING EXERCISE. 

I /__ "Y\l/— \ — / L^ ((yr 

^j m\/uh(/;v^(\) 



~7l^ 



7VL, 






12 Gilbert's Phonography. 

WRITING EXERCISE. 

P t ch k r p b d j g t k ch f v th dh sh 1 ng zh m n 
r s b j v th z d da ch sh v n] th p k g 1 r b f h dh s 
m w d z v r n p j z th g 1 h g n b ch w dh p d sh th k 
z zh y n r ng b t 111 s r p zh d 1 j z th b t ch s r p zh v 
1 j th 1 g z in d s h f b k n w ch d n dh t zh ng n 1 y r d 
shgybvjgz ng t th n ch k m g 1 w d sh dh s j r y 
f s ng n sh zh p w r t y p s d f g h j k 1 z v b n m sh 
th dh zh ch ng. 

p-k p-m k-ch p-g j-m m-n sh-n p-p z-z n-n m-j w-m t-k 
t-m r-p d-n s-f y-n d-m k-1 n-y v-k t-1 sh-r 1-m y-m sh-n dh-y 
k-zh j-j f-v k-y g-n v-f th-1 s-th z-th r-t h-t n-m 1-s 1-sh sh-1 
t-n b-ng p-n 1-n f-r r-sh v-1 1-r f-sh r-sh g-j j-k g-k b-p d-t 
k-k k-g m-sh. n-r s-r 

VOWELS. 

\ 8. In actual reporting, dots and dashes cannot ba used t3 denote 
vowels, except in rare instances, because too much time would be con- 
sumed in writing them. The reporter must depend on the consonant 
outlines in writing or reading his notes. The consonant outlines are 
therefore varied in length and position in order to accurately imply 
the vowels. Three lengths of consonant signs are used, and three 
positions. The following illustrate the proper lengths that characters 
should be written: 

First lengths. Second lengths. Third lengths. 

The following are the rules for the positions: 

\ 9. First aud second lengths are included in the same rule, as 
follows: Perpendicular and slanting strokes rest a short distance 
above the line {ox first position, rest on the line for second position 
and are struck through the line for third position. Horizontal strokes 
are written the height of a second length t above the line for first 
position, resting upon the line for second position, and beneath the 
line for third position. Thus, 



Gilbert's Phonography. 13 

>ic.r.^\!/:^....v(.^.^\l./C.v w ..... V) ^ /r . t . VJ . / -. w 

First position. Second position. Third position. 

\ 10. Third lengths are written as follows: Perpendicular and 
slanting strokes rest on the line for first position, and are struck 
through the line for second positio?i. Horizontal strokes are written 
the height of a second length t above the line for first position, and 
resting upon the line for second position. There is no third posi- 
tion for third lengths. 



\\jO=^=1 vi-F' 



First position. Second position. 

I 11. Where two or more strokes are used for one syllable, the 
vowel is invaribly indicated by the first stroke; the stroke or strokes 
not implying a vowel are written short {first length). When the sec- 
ond stroke of a word contains an obscure vowel, it is usually written 
first length. 

\ 12. TABLE OF VOWELS. 

VOWELS. MANNER OF INDICATION. EXAMPLES. 

* r ) 1 w-^- 



e and i \ Second length, first position - 

' Me, lea, see, it, mill, nick. 

a and e [- " " second position \ ,<T:> ' * <v......\w, 

I aim (may), lay, wreck, peg. 

ah and a }■ " " third position -j — -^ ^* • I * 'fr^-" 

(.Calm, palm, at, add, rag. 

( r 1 -> y\ 

aw and o [-First length, first position^ ^ 

(law, ought, gnaw, knock, rob 

and ii } " " second position i -— — •— N..../\ I. 

I Oak, go, low, up, rub, us. 

ooandooj* " " third position -J "Y m rA \^— • -V; /^T- 

I Ooze, rood, pull, book, look. 



14 Gilbert's Phonography. 

Remark i. The vowels which are denoted alike are concurrent. 
They are the long and short sounds of one vowel, and not liable to 
clash with each other. 

Remark 2. The sound of a as in ask and as in arm is treated 
the same as ah; the sound of o as in oft is treated the same as aw; the 
sound of e as in her is treated the same as u. 

\ 13. TABLE OF DIFTHONGS. 

VOWELS. MANNER OF INDICATION. EXAMPLES. 

1 and oi [Third length, first position-! \ X .TSu.A.. 

^Tie (toy), my, sigh, boy, joy 

ow and u [ " " second position^ r ^£ f* " -\^;"" 

v Bough, allow, now, few. 

Remark. The difthongs which are denoted alike will not clash 
with each other. 

\ 14. L when joined to another stroke is written downward 
when preceded and upward w 7 hen followed by a vowel, except when 
an awkward junction would occur; thus, 



alike, like, elm, lame, elk, lake, alum, lamb. 

Remark. Z, when written downward, is called El, and when 
written upward, Lay. 

I 15. When a vowel precedes r, the downward stroke (Ar) is used; 
and when it follows, the upward stroke (Ray) is used (however, this 
rule is not observed when it would occasion an awkward junction); 
thus, 

->- -Y^-^ =cv~- 

o'er, row, our, row, orb, rob, ark, rack, bear, bury, fire, fiery. 

\ 16. In the majority of cases it is not necessary to distinguish 
whether the vowel is initial or final; much is accomplished iu that 
direction by the principles given in Chapter III. The vowel usually 
follows the consonant stroke. 



Gilbert s Phonography. 15 

\ 17. When a horizontal is followed by a downward stroke the 
horizontal stroke is not put beneath the line for the third position, but 
it should rest upon the line; for the second position in such case the 
horizontal should be written at the height of a first length above the 
line; for the first position the horizontal, as before stated, is written at 
the height of a second length above the line; thus, 

keep, cape, cap, coffee, chaos, cash, nip, nape, nap, catch, gap, cafe. 

\ 18. Position cannot always be observed where two or more 
strokes are joined together. Generally the first stroke is put in its 
proper position, and the remaining strokes are joined to it irrespective 
of position; thus, 

*-— l-; ^..\.^ ^ Uy 

assume, enemy, atom, adage, penny, byway, china, rosy, body, voyage. 

£ 19. Where two straight consonants of the same direction are 
joined together, length is not observed, and the stroke should be 
twice as long as a second length; in such case the vowel is denoted by 
position only. The position of the first half of the stroke indicates 
the true position, and the rale with respect to the second lengths is 
applied. That is, the first half of the stroke is written in the de- 
sired position as though it were a second length, the stroke then being 
continued until twice as long as a second length; thus, 



^\\/ I 



pipe, pope, babe, judge, duty, roar, hurry, rear. 

\ 20. A first length is slightly lengthened when joining another 
consonant without an angle; thus, 

look, fog, alway, vogue, lock, mush, posy, lower. 



16 Gilbert s Phonography, 

\ 21. Part of a word may be disjoined and written overlapping 
the preceding stroke, when such disjunction may be thought neces- 
sary to increase the legibility of the word; thus, 

x-"^"---^ N \ V 

booby, rarer, cuckoo, gewgaw, baby, papa. 
EXERCISE. 

Remark. The words given in the exercises of this book should 
be carefully written in accordance with the rules given, and the notes 
then read or transcribed and compared with the key. This should be 
repeated until each exercise has been written and read many times 
and the student can write and read each word without hesitation. 

/....:r.....^.J....«^...£ L.../I. L ..r.....\..\. Y 

^—..,^...1..^ | C-.-.-V" <z.....x. 



^\ — . 



y 



Each go few say may check deep ready ask in pay by both. 

Name many among day way death leap fame vim rally. 

Wreathe king calm cash gem Jessie wreck rag ball dizzy 
tame deem ring yea hay pick. 

Pity piety talk teach top cheap cheek couch beach beauty 
ditch teeth age (edge) ache view (vow) thigh use. 



CHAPTER III.— Hooks, Circles, Loops, Ticks, 
hooks. 

WAY-HOOK. 

I 22. IV, preceding Ray, Lav, Em, or En, is joined by a small 
initial hook; thus, 

!=: ^ C.S .^.....w Jl^*£j£L 

win, wine, weal, wall, wan, wane, unwieldy, unworthy, warm. 

.k k.. £-. .^^ i*r. JL*?. _ 

wily,* wail, wool, weary, war, wear, wore, queen, Edwin, queer. 

1,-HOOK AND R-HOOK. 

\ 23. L following any other consonant except Es, Zee, Ar, El, 
Ing, Way and Hay may be denoted by a small initial hook on the right 
side of slanting and perpendicular consonants and above horizontals, 
except that on Ray, En and Em the hook is large, and on Em written 
on the under side; thus, 

pi bl tl dl chl jl kl gl fl vl thl dhl shl rl ml nl yl. 

\ 24. R following a consonant which takes the /-hook may be 
denoted by reversing the sign having the /-hook (except in the few 
cases stated in \ 25) in the manner following: 

\\11//c- — ^)VJ 

pr br tr dr chr jr kr gr fr vr thr dhr shr zhr. 

\ 25. No r-hook is attached to Ray or Yay; the r-hook on Em 
and En is small and those two consonants are shaded to distinguish 

*As but one vowel can be denoted by one stroke, when two syllables are 
written in one stroke the accented or more important vowel is indicated. 



i<8 Gilbert' s Phonography. 

the r-hook from the Z£/#j/-hook ; / is attached to Lay by a large hook; 
thus: 

Mr win nr wn lr. 

Remark i. As an aid in memorizing these hooks it will be ob- 
served that if the left arm with the fingers bent be held up in the di- 
rection of a consonant the /-hook will be indicated, and if the right 
arm be so held up the r-liook will be indicated. 

Remark 2. While I and r are denoted by initial hooks, they 
are always read after the consonant to which the hook is attached. 

Remark 3. The /-hook on Ish and Zhee is at the bottom and 
the strokes are written upward with the same slant as Ray. 

Remark 4. Ks, Zee, Ar, Way and Ing never take an initial hook. 
Lay does not take the /-hook nor Ray the /'-hook. 

\ 26. It is sometimes inconvenient, when strokes are being joined 
together, to form a hook perfectly; in such case it may be denoted 
by an offset of the pen simply; thus, 

t-kr d-mr r-mr k-tl ch-kr ray-pl ish-kr. 
I 27. The vowel usually follows / or r when denoted by a hook, 
but sometimes precedes the entire hooked stem; / or r may be denoted 
by the hook also when the vowel comes between the consonant 
stem and the / or r, but that is not the better practice when the vowel 
is prominent nor when there are two vowels. 

EXERCISE. 

\\11 V\.l..^ *£_*J 

? -..-.....^ .<> ^ 1 9 .....~ 2 1 



(rilbcrts Phonography. 19 

Play plea idle deal blow able call feel only rely fail try. 

Offer grow agree free over every three through near mere, 
their. 

Hither other sure true real official breaker Bible shiver 
animal coroner final leisure church George door. 

Fill (feel, fie) tree author paper cable break editor frame 
lover decree channel nerve dinner sugar growth imply dray. 

F-HOOK AND N-HOOK. 

\ 28. P y following any straight consonant, may be denoted by a 
small final hook, on the right side of slanting and perpendicular con- 
sonants and above Ray, Hay, and horizonal consonants; thus, 

\> V I t / ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 

pf bf tf df chf jf kf - gf rf hf 
\ 29. The .F-hook may also be used to denote v> and is sometimes 
denominated K-hook. 

I 30. JV, following any consonant, whether straight or currved, 
may be denoted by a small final hook as follows: On the left side of 
slanting and perpendicular straight consonants, below Ray, and hori- 
zontal straight consonants, and on the concave side of curved con- 
sonants; thus, 

\ \ J J //-,-> >? S* 

pn bn tn dn chn jn kn gn rn hn 

m vn thn dhn esn zn ishn zhn In rn mn nn ingn wn yn 
Remark. The/*-hook and ;z-hook are not used when a vowel 
follows the/* or 11, but the/ or n stroke must then be used. 

EXERCISE. 

^ s '■' <*>!£>■ 



20 GtlberVs Phonography. 

J.L. 

Brief above upon again then than assign line chief open 
pain been ran often mine man woman relieve grief rough. 

Arrive gave deaf cover finery panic penury Monday advocacy 
attain June minute plenty Chief cough rave dove tune (town). 

Chain John hewn even vain thine shown iron arraign rain main 
beaver giver retain grain French obtain Roman. 

EI/T-HOOK AND ART-HOOK. 

| 31. T or d is added to a stroke by enlarging the small /-hook 
or r-hook. In such case the t or d is always read after the vowel, and 
when the / or r is also read after the vowel the t or d is read di- 
rectly after the / or r; the t or d is always read before any final hook. 

Remark. The /-hook in sel, mel and nel and r-hook in ler 
being large, they are not further enlarged. 

EFT-HOOK AND ENT-HOOK. 

\ 32. Tor d is added by enlarging an /"-hook or ?z-hook, and 
when so added it is always the final letter; if a vowel should follow, 
the stroke for t or d must be used. 

EXERCISE. 

<\lT.cnrr...cT-..^.SL.j 3 ..^.^.^^.^J..N.^.So 



C2>.. 



i> o 



Part treat dealt crowd great golden failed (felt) shared regard 
pained bend blind bond tend band drift gained find. 

Gift proved lend friend event assent errand around wound 
engraft achieved bluffed deprived grieved depraved brighten 
shorten profound. 

Mend grand bereft stuffed brand prevailed fiend mind flint 
lined thinned third print dunned (don't) cheered chained blot 
moral bled. 



Gilberts Phonography. 21 

T OR D ADDED TO HAY. 

I 33. Tor d may be added to the stroke Hay by enlarging the 
hook; it is read after the vowel when so added; thus, 

<r__^...£.rf.^. 

Hate (ahead) hat height hot hut heat (heed) hewed. 
I 34. The consonant Em, if it have no initial hook, may be 
swelled to add p or b; thus, 



Amply ample pump jump lamp impune ambulance dump 
thump limp. 

CIRCLES. 

S OR Z CIRCLE. 

\ 35. S or z may be denoted by a small circle, joined initially on 
straight consonants on the /-hook side, and finally on the /-hook side; 
and initially and finally on the concave side of curved consonants. It 
may be joined between two consonants, and when so joined is turned 
on the most convenient side. 

$ 36. When the 5-circle is joined initially to any stroke, the 5 is 
always read before any other letter, and when joined finally it is always 
read after all other letters. 



fS..<0 



.f..f..^...^..l.f... No >o..b...L^X.. ^...^ p 

Set said such seek sit (seat) suit pass base does days 
guess (gaze) safe seems sins soars same mass. 

Save please close cross sight choice idols fails grace bask 
bosom recite wrestle muscle nestle brisk. 

Lawsuit facile baser misery extra casket deceit presume 
desk misty reserve Wednesday task nicety dusty. 



22 Gilbert's Phonography. 

\ 37. The ^-circle is attached to the r-hook and ^-hook on straight 
consonants, and to Hay, by making the hook into a circle; thus, 

.^.l.^.l^..^J..^.J.^ V J..^..^../o.^... % .lo/ 

Spray stray scar cedar pains (pence) Saho strains prince 
dance gains chance dense screens brains rains runs plans trains 
jeans. 

\ 38. The s-circle and r-hook may both be denoted between two 
consonants by turning the circle on the r-hook side when it could 
otherwise be conveniently turned on the opposit side; thus, 

- \ i~* ^ b —\ t— 

Prosper destroy distress jasper desecrate disagree discord out- 
strips outrkirt execrable. 

§ 39. The ^-circle is attached inside of all hooks on curved conso- 
nants and all hooks on straight consonants except as above indicated. 
When it is attached to the art or ent hook on straight consonants the 
hook need not be written large, because there is no corresponding 
small hook. 

Fence thence lands swim split spirit pounds seconds rafts rents 
strands drifts atmosphere prisoner obscure. 

Rascal disclaim restrain physical civil settle saddle peaceable 
plausible mistery mines errands reciprocity. 

SES CIRCLE. 

\ 40. S or z y and any vowel preceding it, is added to an ^-circle 
by enlarging the circle. 

\ 41. An ^-circle may be added after a s^y-circle, turned on the 
opposit side of the stem at the point where the ses-circle is completed. 



Gilbert's Phonography. 23 

EXERCISE. 

Pieces passes disaster diseases sustenance decisive accessory 
recesses possessory Genesis necessary amanuensis processes crisis. 

Sustain chooses cases access imposes masses persist resist 
necessity Kansas possesses praises sister places precise. 

STEH-loop. 

\ 42. The ^-circle is elongated to denote t or d immediately fol- 
lowing it; the loop thus formed is called steh-Xoo^. The ^-circle may 
be added to the steh-Xoo^. 

EXERCISE. 

Passed cost accused stop stage style star story feasts assessed 
must (most) imposed based stick vast stamp rest steep. 

Steeper stagger sting destiny distinct merest nearest lists tests 
fast missed noised step steady stock steel state. 

STER-loop. 

\ 43. The stch-Xoo^ is enlarged and elongated to add r; this large 
loop is called ster-\oop. The ^-circle may be added to the ster-loop. 

Remark. First lengths must be slightly lengthened when the 
ster-loo-p is joined to them. 

EXERCISE. 

^/..^.. p ..>^..p..s^J..^...^aS.^ 

Pastor punster jester castor rooster Nestor luster faster songsters 
Chester master mister clusters thruster spinster bolster (bluster). 



24 Gilbert's Phonography. 

HOOKS ATTACHED TO CIRCLES. 

IN-HOOK PRECEDING OR FOLLOWING AN S-CIRCI.K. 

I 44. The syllable /;/, en, un or an, preceding or following an 
^-circle, maybe denoted by a small hook attached to the circle, formed 
by a continuation of the movement of the circle, as shown in the 
exercise below. The syllable on may also be denoted by this hook 
when used finally. 

§ 45. The sound of sh in the syllable shun (tion-, sion-, ciou-, 
etc. ) is treated the same as s. 

KKERCISE. 

X%„«rv..?s^^.N^./^ 

.uiv.^.. % .L^.^.. v .^^..^...c^.^.^..a. 

.^.^..r^^.^-v^..^.j>.^.^.^^..<r e ^.A 

Inspire inspiration enslave inseparable unscrupulous passion 
chosen lesson Johnson arson treason cousin dozen arisen moisten 
masons. 

Action caution occasion notion motion ration (raisin) unsalable 
insecure unsurmised insoluble unseemly reason (risen) fasten (fash- 
ion) frozen poison. 

Brazen parson listen alienation Benson Munson reaction prov- 
ocation creation tuition addition hasten Grecian aggression peti- 
tion adoption. 

Education occupation version valuation donation variation 
assertion location election elocution allegation eruption irrigation 
imitation. 



Gilbert's Phonography. 25 

Rational irrational nomination accumulation missionary dura- 
tion prison chasten glisten loosen basin Hessian (hasten) pension 
(at-)tension. 

IX-HOOK ATTACHED To SES-CIRCLE. 
\ 46. The ///-hook may be written finally after a j^-circle. 
EXERCISE. 

.^..^.^...^A...^.^..^^.^..^A.^..V.^..v^2.. 

Opposition position physician apposition secession decision 
accusation civilization musician procession transition association 
imposition supposition succession enunciation. 

IN-HOOK PRECEDING OR FOLLOWING A CONSONANT 

STROKE. 
\ 47. The syllable in, en, un, an or on, preceding or following a 
consonant, may be denoted by a small half-circle, opening either up- 
ward or downward and joining the consonant-stem with an angle. 

Remark. This hook when used initially does not join well with 
many strokes having an initial hook; in such cases the En-stroke should 
be used. 

EXERCISE. 

w ^j^:l^^ 

?i..^.i^..^.l^.r?.^.^.l^..^.^./>j..\ D .J.w... 

Inaction environ enjoin inlay untie unkind unfix uneasy ruin 
driven deafen linen lion entreat. 

Indoor striven undone unbind crayon scion endorse indolent 
ingenious inmost entice enrich enlist engage endure invent intend 
endow. 

INT-HOOK, 

\ 48. The /;/-hook is enlarged to add t or d, and is then called 
z>//-hook. When the int-hook. is used initially the t or d is generally 
followed by the vowel e or ?, but may be followed by a consonant; 
when the in /-hook is used finally, no vowel can follow the t or d. 



26 Gilbert's Phonography. 

EXERCISE. 



Ruined agent indication indict intoxication indigence indige- 
nous integration indivisible indemnify intimacy intemperance 
toughened intimidation indigo. 

WAY-HOOK. 

\ 49. W, when occurring initially in any syllable or word, may 
be denoted by a small half circle opening either to the right or left, 
according to convenience. An ^circle may be prefixed to this sign. 

Remark. If a vowel precedes the w> the stroke Way should be 
used, and not the brief sign 

EXERCISE. 

Weep sweep wave walk wages wash watch wagon wake 
week (weak) weapon unwove Oswego wing switch waken weaken 
weave wig, 

TICKS. 

HAY-TICK. 

\ 50. H may be denoted by a slanting initial tick joined at an 
acute angle, when more convenient than the stroke Hay. 

EXERCISE. 

!S. T..I ^...cL^i / £±t. C 

Heap hook hog hedge hearse horse hole hitch hame (hem) 
hatch huge ham whim whine hack heel (heal) hang. 

T-TICK. 

§51. A final t or d may be denoted by a slanting tick when more 
convenient than the stroke Tee. The tick may be shaded for d. 

EXERCISE. 

.L.^r...r:...v,..^..r-.>..v,..v,)../^. 

Date late (laid) neat fade send load toad fate fat assayed 
shade raid (red). 



Gilbert's Phonograph] \ 



27 



FOURTH LENGTH TO ADD THR, ETC. 

52. Any consonant may be written fourth length to add thr, 
dhr, tr or dr. The consonants thus added are read after any final 
hook, but before the final ^-circle. A heavy straight consonant should 
taper to a point when made fourth length. 

Remark i. As stated before, the vowel is indicated by position 
only when the fourth length is used. 

Remark 2. Curved consonants when made fourth length may be 
made more curving than usual to denote an initial vowel. 




Father further mother neither letter matter better bother daugh* 
ter wither (water) leader render Easter. 

Thunder tender lender painter slender cylinder asunder plunder 
grander ponder fender rafter. 

Printer blunder flounder slender older rather testator flatter or- 
der (orator) thither actor latter canter defter. 

\ 53. Ing- is written fourth length to also add fc r and gr, and Em 
to add pr and br; thus, 



Anchor (anger) linger finger banker hunger lumber timber amber. 



CHAPTER IV.— Prefixes and Suffixes. 

CIRCUM- AND SELF- PREFIXED.' 

\ 54. Circum- or self- is prefixed by a disjoined ^-circle written 
close to the following stroke; thus. 

.^-?..^.. i ^^X.4U»J^?. ssL.^r...^^>.% 

Circumlocution circumvene circumnavigation circumjacent cir- 
cumflex circumference circumstance self-denial self-respect self-reli- 
ance self-accused self-deception. 

CON-, COM- AND COG- PREFIXED. 

? 55. Con-, Com- or Cog- is prefixed by a light dot written im- 
mediately preceding the commencement of the following stroke. 

Remark. Can- may be denoted by the eon-dot in such words as 
canteen and canvass. 

EXERCISE. 

^..!: v .^.L.i:^.L:\:\w^ 



<>: c :. 



Compass consign cognomen consider condensation consistent 
concomitant commence complain convey compare condign consider- 
ation constitution completion confine convene conceive computation. 

Conjunction committee company comply compensation continue 
condition connection complete convoy combine comprise compro- 
mise concede conception confer concord. 



Gilberts Phonography. 29 

ACCOM- PREFIXED. 
\ 56. Accom- is prefixed by a heavy dot written immediately pre- 
ceding the commencement of the following stroke; thus, 



i...,...x i :n 



^...^^a^...^..^..^^...J...X..^..bs.^.... 



Accommodation accompany accomplish accomplice. 

CON-, ETC. IMPLIED. 

\ 57. Con-, com-, cog-, accom-, cum- or cong- may be implied by 

placing the next following stroke under the preceding stroke, or as 

close to it as possible; also by a disjoined z';z-hook written in place of 

the con-dot. 

EXERCISE. 

Incomplete inconsistent decompose recompense uncompro- 
mised reconcilable irreconcilable incumbent disencumber uncon- 
scious unconditional recognize recounoiter uncombined. 

Unconquerable non-compliance unrecompensed uncomfortable 
unconcerned reconsideration recommend recognition inconstant 
misconception recumbent inconceivable discommode. 

CONTRA-, CONTRO- AND COUNTER- PREFIXED. 

I 58. Contra-, coutro- or counter- is prefixed by a horizontal or 
vertical tick disjoined and written immediately preceding the com- 
mencement of the following stroke, as in the exercise below : 

EXERCISE. 

^.(e^.^^V4\ \^.<cvLA 2^£..^ 

Counterpart contradistinction controvert countersign counter- 
action counterfeit countercheck contribution countermand contra- 
band contravene contravention counterbalance controversy contra- 
dict counterpane countermarch counterpoint counterseal. 



30 Gilberts Phonography. 

MAGNA-, MAGNE- AND MAGNI- PREFIXED. 

\ 59. Magna-, magne- or magni- is prefixed by m written over 
the next following stroke. 

EXERCISE. 

X~....r?. \.....^3 j...^...l.J..l, 

Magnify magnanimous magnitude magnanimity magnesia mag- 
nificence magnetism magnet (magnate) magnetize. 

INTER-, ENTER- AND UNDER- PREFIXED. 
$ 60. Inter-, enter- or under- is prefixed by the ////-hook. 
EXERCISE. 

Interposition enterprise interrogation introduce interpretation 
intermission intercommunication intercourse entertain underneath 
underlie interview underscore. 

Undermine undercurrent underlay intervene undersell inter- 
cept underwriter intercession intermarry international interlinea- 
tion interfere interpret. 

PREFIXES JOINED TO FOREGOING SYLLABLE. 

§ 61. When any of the foregoing prefixes is preceded by a syl- 
lable, such syllable may be joined to the prefix sign; thus, 



±3,..:!L:f)...J^:.. 



*tr 



Uncircumscribed unselfish uncircumcised uncountersigned un- 
introduced. 

-ING AND -INGS SUFFIXED. 

\ 62. -Ing may be suffixed by a light dot, and -ings by a heavy 
dot, written immediately following the end of the preceding stroke. 



Gilberts Phonography. 31 

EXERCISE. 

Paying passing beings committing telling sanctioning know- 
ing trying doing showing petitioning amazing offering dying 
looking loving seeking musings doings. 

-SELF AND -SELVES SUFFIXED. 

I 6^,. -Self' is suffixed by an ^-circle, and -selves by a ses-circle, 
joined, or disjoined and placed beside the previous stroke. Words in 
which this suffix occurs will be found in the List of Contracted Words. 

-IXGLY SUFFIXED. 
\ 64. -Ingly is suffixed by a slanting heavy tick written in place 
of the i tig-dot. 

EXERCISE. 

^^.^^S^i^^k^'S^ 

Knowingly smilingly amazingly seemingly accordingly lov- 
ingly charming" y boastiugly deserving!}' despairingly engagingly 
feelingly complainingly consolingly pleasingly unceasingly. 

-ALITY AXD -ARITY SUFFIXED. 

\ 65. Z7r or r t\\ with any vowel following the / or r, is suffixed 
by disjoining the preceding stroke. 

Remark i. The suffixes -osit\\ -anit\\ -idit\\ etc. are sometimes 
denoted in the same manner. 

Remark 2. In writing -bility, generally no disjunction need be 
made. 

EXERCISE. 



'w'V 



K 



^J^.: 



3^..<U 



W.T 



Formality principality instability frugality plausibility poster- 
ity admissibility divisibility durability feasibility irresistibility 
reliability popularity fatalitv. 



32 Gilbert' s Phonography. 

Amenability congeniality disability disparity verbosity account- 
ability amiability Christianity sensibility irascibility legibility illegi- 
bility invisibility. 

-OIA3GY AND -AW)GY SUFFIXED. 

? 66. -Ology or -alogy is suffixed by j\ joined, or disjoined and 
written partially under or struck through the preceding stroke. 

EXERCISE. 



.. > .. ; y...5f....i / ..>>....?....cv.. 



)■■ 



Zoology tautolog)^ philology etymology phrenology physiology 
chronology mineralogy. 

-BIGNESS, -FULNESS AND -SOMENESS SUFFIXED. 

\ 67. -Bleness, -fulness or -someness is suffixed by an ^-circle 
placed immediately after the end of the preceding stroke. 

EXERCISE. 

Teachableness mindfulness irksomeness lawfulness sinfulness 
faithfulness gracefulness cheerfulness usefulness serviceableness 
carefulness feebleness watchfulness forgetfulness gratefulness bash- 
fulness. 

-LESSNESS SUFFIXED. 

$ 68. -Lessness is suffixed by a .sw-circle placed immediately 
after the end of the preceding stroke. 

EXERCISE. 

Carelessness listlessness fearlessness cheerlessness hopelessness 
recklessness faithlessness helplessness lawlessness uselessness. 

-SHIP SUFFIXED. 

\ 69. -Ship is suffixed by sh joined, but more legibly disjoined 
and placed close to the end of the preceding stroke. 

Remark. -Shop is sometimes denoted in the same manner. 



Gilbert's Phonography, 33 

EXERCISE. 

Fellowship apprenticeship township championship scholarship 
ownership bishop shoeshop courtship chairmanship friendship pen- 
manship worship steamship tinshop. 

-EST AND -1ST SUFFIXED. 

\ 70. -iss/ or -ist may be suffixed by Es written either upward or 
downward; thus, 

jj .SJ NA Z2 C^j Ss/1 \J 

Closest finest basest kindest elocutionist violinist bravest. 

-MENT SUFFIXED. 

\ 71. -Ment may be suffixed by ?/z with an ;z-hook. 
Remark. This suffix sign is used because it tends to great cer- 
tainty in the representation of the syllable -ment. 

EXERCISE. 



,.^.!!:.^/4X.^i.K ^ 



.^^..o^X.S?..^ 

Payment supplement agreement raiment judgment ornament 
element monument detriment instrument argument document ful- 
fillment. 

Consignment moment settlement compliment inducement en- 
actment enjoyment lament adamant segment pavement assessment 
employment engagement. 

-ED, -TED AND -DED SUFFIXED. 

\ 72. -Ed, -ted or -ded may be suffixed by a horizontal or vertical 
tick; it may be written heavy for -ded. 

EXERCISE. 
..^.L/rrp.r7....S v ...C,..,^.^...^...S...c>..^.^..S,.\ 



34 Gilberts Phonography. 

Acted deeded grounded guided bladed (belted) folded (flooded' 
connected shaded rooted blessed mated needed lighted faded 
awaited. 

-MENTAL AND -MENTALITY SUFFIXED. 

I 73. -Mental or -mentality is suffixed by the suffix -ment dis- 
joined. 



T. \ 



EXERCISE. 

... ...^> . 6?. 



Instrumentality (-mental) detrimental regimental monumental 
supplemental elemental ornamental. 

LETTERS OR SYLLABLES FOLLOWING SUFFIXES JOINED. 
\ 74. When any letters or syllables follow a suffix sign, they may 
be joined to it. 

EXERCISE. 

..>. J...2 j...^...x.. ^ i...:w.\,..Lr ; 

Zoologist theologian phrenological townships mineralogist prin- 
cipalities sensibilities theological presumedly pointedly confessedly. 



ADVICE TO THE STUDEXT. 

The student has now passed through all the principles of conso- 
nant and vowel representation in phonography. The next step is to 
attain speed in writing. Speed is attained only by much earnest 
study and practice, but is within reach of anyone who will persevere 
in the work. Word-signs, contractions and phrase-signs must be 
learned and familiarized to obtain brevity; careful habits of writing 
must be formed for the sake of legibility; and continued practice in 
writing and reading ordinary language must be followed for months 
to obtain facility. 

The student may now, if he desires, commence the writing of 
engraved practice exercises, and spend part of his time in that way, 
while learning the word-signs and contractions in Chapter IV and the 
phrase-signs in Chapter V. In this way he can learn the word-signs, 
contractions and phrase-signs as rapidly as they occur in the practice- 
matter. But before commencing to practice upon matter not engraved 
in shorthand it is best to study well the whole of Chapters IV and V, 



CHAPTER IV 



-Word-Signs and Contractions. 

. 75. word-signs. 



.lUr. 

N 1 f 


a 

an, and 
the 

of 

or, I 
on 

to 

but 

should, lie. him 

how 

all 

already, awe 

ought 

two, too 
O, oh, owe 

who, whom 


c 
c 

D 
p. . 

U 

w. 

n 

r. t 

O 

O 


with 
were 

what 
would 


/ 
X 1 / 


year, ye 
yet 

ond 
>ur 

is, his 
as, has 


fe. 

C 

.6. b 




..v.. 1../ 


however 

whoever, whomevei 

whose 

owes 

ve 



CONTRACTIONS. 

\ 76. //is generally om m words of common use 

EXERCISE. 



!^.^..V^.^.. 



r 






*r 



When home whole why heathen hall hung had hap- 

pen harmony hence apprehend behind where hope her here 
while howl. 



36 Gilbert" s Phonography. 

Wheel hammer happy comprehend beheld whether half horse 
heaven whip heal hang habitation hand harm humble behold 
help. 

\ 77. The t- or <^-tick is generally omitted from words of common 
use. 

EXERCISE. 



(■■ 



./?.*.: 



\ 



\J.J.^..sJsJ..^./C* 



~~.^.\-^J..~.~ ./r> :^.Z:^-—.^ 1 ... 

That hand late (laid, led) load (old) not (naught) got (God) 
neat (need) bought bset (b.iat, bit) taught died fought (oft) fade 
(fate) avoid east sent light soft. 

Act sift bite tight doubt food (foot) fight might get apt boot 
put about did (deed) cheat feet (feed) evade loud showed (shut) 
thought. 

Meet note (owned) art (heart, hard) interdict invite iterate 
October shade (shed) made (met) net (aint) left hurt writing 
ntersect collect invade debt. 

\ 78. ^following i" is omitted in the following and similar words. 
EXERCISE. 



.<£. 



.^T'AV^ 



Mostly postpaid mistake destitute combustible lastly restless 
postoffice testify pestilent install honestly boastful postpone trust- 
ful testament adjustment tasteless. 

\ 79. T may be omitted from the syllable -tive when the z/-hook 
may be used. 

EXERCISE. 

C'...k_».:ft-»..-a...V 



vt 



Active elective effective protective connective susceptive indic- 
ative captive perceptive adaptive collective. 



Gilbert's Phonography. 37 

g 80. The vowel 1 in the syllable -ty may be omitted when the t 
may be denoted by enlarging an /- or r-hook. 

EXERCISE. 

legality minority stability locality prosperity faculties illegal- 
ity charity majority frugality mobility authority surety utility. 

\ 81. R may be omitted from the syllables for- and fore- w'.^en a 
better junction with the following stroke will be secured. 

EXERCISE. 

v^.... S; _^_. h ..^..^..S^...w.^..v I .V.. Y ..^..,. 

Foreseen forefinger foresaw 7 forward forswear forefather forage 
forenoon foreshadow forethought forsooth, forestall forager. 

£82. A" may be omitted: (1) from the syllable ex- when unac 
cented; (2) when it occurs between ng and 5 or z; (3) when ending" 
syllable and followed by -tion. 

EXERCISE. 






Kxceed except excite exhaust (exist) exclusion existence ex- 
periment explain explore expose express extend function inflic- 
tion sanction expense. 

Distinction compunction affliction reduction detraction exac- 
tion examine excellence exonerate expert explicit exposition ex- 
plosion anxiety extinction. 

Exaggerate exasperate excellent excuse production conviction 
r^strictior ^fraction correction contradiction destruction direction 
construction attraction introduction reflection iuflictior 



^8 Gilbert's Phonography, 

\ 83. L is omitted from intel-. The hook for I may be omitted 
from the syllables -blc and -bly when inconvenient to form it. 

EXERCISE. 

Intellect intelligence intelligent intelligible sensible visible 
accessible admissible attainable amenable sensibly visibly feasibly 
assignable invincible accountable. 

§ 84. The ;/ hook is omitted from the following and similar words: 
EXERCISE. 

Attainment demonstrate remonstrate transaction translate trans- 
mit dictionary stationer visionary transplant transpose assignment 
transact translation transport transit transparent entertainment. 

$ 85. IV and y are omitted from the following and similar words: 
EXERCISE. 

Quantity quotation without withdraw consequence hung equal 
quibble require quite toward withhold value persuasion persuade. 
\ 86 /is omitted when occurring between m and shim; th s, 

,./57? ».^TJrR .^ ;, 

Consumption redemption assumption. 
\ 87. S may be omitted from the syllable -shus (-tious, -clous, 
-ceous, -xious, etc.). 

EXERCISE. 

.g..^...^..^..^...^...^...S^..0...7..^...W^...^... 

Tenacious suspicious judicious precious avaricious sagacious 
gracious efficacious ambitious cautious conscientious vexatious se- 
ditious anxious. 



Gilbert's Phonography. 



39 



88. Position being the minor factor in the representation of the 
vowels, and length of outline the principal factor, certain familiar 
words may be removed from their natural positions for the sake of 
convenience, and advantage in phrasing as will be seen in Chapter 
VI; thus, 

V.J / ~ L v^.....t io..J. r ^ X. 

be it which could if have think this shall will am are. 

\ 89. The syllable -ed may usually be omitted from verbs in the 
past tense, and a derivative word may be expressed by the form of the 
primitive word; thus the outline for prepare will represent also pre- 
pared and preparation ; the outline for terminate will represent also 
terminated and termination , etc. 



ZJUL 



90. LIST OF CONTRACTED WORDS. 

brother-hood 

came, can 



-l-v 



j /!.. 



accordingly 

advantage 

advantageous 

advertise-d-ment 

after 

along 

altogether 

although 

angel 

anything 

applicable-hility 

application 

assistant-ce 
\ ^ average, 
V^- • because 

become 
V V before 
i^- began 

begin-ning 
..^ ^ begun 
ss believe-d 

belong-ed 
<- I ^\^ between 
~.- British America 






cannot 

certain-ty 
change-d 
charge-d 

Christian-ity 
circumstance 
come 



commencement 
__ common 

,>~? L. commonly 

consider-able-ness 
ci <r contract-ed 
*\ correct-ed-ness 

corrective 
<r-? countenance-d 
••*••-*— countrv 



i....i..r 



cover-ed 

danger 

dangers-ous 

defendant 

defense-ive 

decree 



4o 



Gilbert's Phonography, 



delinquent-cv 
f f £ deliver-y-ed 

deliverance 

denominate-d-tioii 

\o o— e deScribe-d 

description 

designate- d-tion 
* I differ-ent-ence 

..<JrTTf....C«.. difficnlt-y 

direct-ed 
II disadvantage 

J. /£./?... discharge-d 



cy» 



1 4 

,.S:..W.<n».. 



doctor 
dollar 
during 

England 

especial-ly 

establish-ed-ment 

ever 

evidence-ent 

examine-d-ation 

except-ed 
exhibit-ed 
expect-ed-ation 

extraordinary 

extreme-itv 

fact 



familiar-ity 

family 

..SyjTN ^ favor 

cr\ "' 

feature 
. Februarv 

...S.V^.tf.. first 

for 

forever 
...~..SJ^. form 
formal 

cr^v f° rmall >' 

.^, former-ly 






\J..d... 



formless 

forth 

frank-ness 

frankly 

frequent-cy 

from 

future-ity 
general-!}- 
generation 



gentle-ness 
/ / — . gentleman-mei: 
.<-/../ "... give-n 

glory-ify 
glorious 
-SK-fifi..-?... govern-ed-ment 

governor 
o henceforth 
.-T^.Sr^. heieafter 

heretofore 
^^^ v herself 
^. high 

highly 
! himself 
.6 .<L„ identical 

illegible 
^- imagine-ar) -ation 

*"t/~J— imaginable 

immeasurable 
*~^ <^ immediate-ly 
...T^L. important-nce 

impossible-bility 
^> impracticable-ility 
^r\. •..<*> improve-d-ment 

improper-ly-iety 
^-^vp Y inconsistent 
M • ■ • inconsiderable-ness 

inconsiderate-ness 
^ v5~^tK incredible-bilitv 
o independent-ce 



Gilbert's Phonography. 



4i 



indescribable 

(5 v indifferent-ce 

wb indispensable 

indulge 
influence 
..¥..^?.._.._ influences 

influential 
^^.^ inform-ed 
informal 

informally-ality 

^jsf'^L, a in formation 

inscribe 

inscription 
D . e oy.^. insignificant 

...! .^TS? insolvency 

inspect-eci. 
instruct 
..^\..T..^JT7".... integrity 

intemperate-anc e 
a involve-d 

..^W.....^\- .„ irregular-ity 

irrelevancy 
^ x -v irrespective-ly 
. ..J^.^ b 4i irresponsible-bility 

itself 
1 January 

.fi...£...rf..._ justice 

kingdom 

-knowledge 

language 

large 

larger 

legislate-d-or- tion 

length 

lengthen-d 

lengthy 

little 
long 
longer 



■?■ 



JL."\..r. 



make 

manner 

Massachusetts 

measure 
member 
mention 



V 



./.../...ff.. 




million-th 
r-s <-. ^ mortgage 
........ .7ZT™ Mr. 

much 

,. . myself 

/ .Vrt'.. nature 

natural 
neglect-ed 
..>f.>^rr:.^rr., never 

nevertheless 
new 

M^.s^..v^ New Jersey 

New York 
New York City 
N~f .>***£ >-tf New York State 

next 
<^^ nobody 
,.>-«?. :rS North America 

North Carolina 

nothing 

notwithstanding 

November 
\ number-ed 
. s %... .*>..... object 

objection 
V V %> objective 

■• obligation 

only 
a/ --— : "> onward 
opinion 

opportunity 
(^ -^ ordinary 
-f^y, parliament-ary 



- ^V 



t 



0„ 



42 



Gilbert's Phonography, 




.tv^.. 



*v*£? 




"^V 



particular-ly 

party 

passenger 

peculiar-ly 

Pennsylvania 

perfect 

perfection 
perform-ed-ance 

permanent-ly-ce 

perpendicular-ly 

phonography 

plaintiff 

pleasure 

popular-ity 

practicable-bilit}- 

practical-ly 

practice 

predominate-d-tion 

predominant-ce 

preliminary 

prepare-ation-atory 

prescribe-d 
prescription 
present 

pretty 
prima facie 
principal-ly 

principle 
probable- bility 
proclaim-ed-r-ation 

professor 

project 

prominent-nce 

proper-ly 
property 
proportion-ed 

proscribed 
public-ish-aticn 
quality- ative 



y^ 



qnestion-ed 

real-it}- 

recover-y-ed-able 

refer-red 
^ refers-ence 
/<?../?... fff. reform-ed 

reformation 

regular-ity 

relate-d-tion 

religion 

religious 

reliuquish-ed-ment 

republic 

republican 

repugnant-ce 

remark 

remarkable 

remembered 

remembrance 
*\ ^o ^o respect-ed-ing-ful 
* >..tTT7^> respective 

responsive 
^ jl yS responsible-bility 
— return 



/*:/7o'. 



J l t/~ 



>^w 



A 






'£ 



salvation 
sanguine 
satisfy-ed-actory 

satisfaction 

Savior 

scientific 



^>.^ 



scripture-al 
September 
several-ly 
shall, shalt 
1 *- Q- signature 
^ ^~. . . stgnincant-ce 

significancy 



o~»^ Q— £ o«* 



signification 
signify-ied 



Gilbert" $ Phonography. 



43 



<r^ <r^ 



■&■ 



i. J...jEW ... 

.L.J...V^ 

...ctr 



similarity 




throughout 


simple-icity 


ty..L*~*... 


thyself 


somebody 


together 


something 




took 


somewhat 




tranquil 


South America 


■\±~l^- 


transcribe-d-r 


South Carolina 




transfer-red 


southeast 




transform-ed-ation 


southeastern 


Vk'ko- 


transgress 


southwest 




truth 


southwestern 


•1-i C 


truthful-ly 


speak 


twelve-fth 


special-ty 


typewriter 


spoke 


L.^1 


unclaimed 


spoken 


uncontradicted 


strange-ness 


\ 


under 


stranger 




unexpected 


strength 


..U.^.*_JF\ 


uniform-ity 


strengthen 




unimaginable 


subject-ed 


— P 


United States 


subjection 


.f.^?..£S. 


unless 


substantial -ity 


unmeasured 


sufficient- cy-ly 




until 


suggest-ed-tion 


2?..r...*r. 


unwilling-ness 


superintend-ed- 




usual-ly 


surprise [ent-ence 




vice versa 


system-atic 
take 


jS^ : .y 


Virginia 
virtue 


taken 




viva voce 


telegraph-er-ic 


<yU..L 


whatever 


temperate-ai:ce 




which 


tendency 




whichever 


terminate-d-tion 


...LLC 


will 


Texas 




wish-ed 


thank-ed 




within 


thanksgiving 


J.S...S... 


world 


them 






themselves 




yesterday 


thing 


).,..,. 


your 




yourself 



44 Gilbert's Phonography. 

SUGGESTIONS AS TO FORMING CONTRACTIONS. 

\ 91. The reporter will form special contractions for words pecul- 
iar to the subject-matter on which he is engaged which occur fre- 
quently. The student should accustom himself to do so also in his 
practice. Names which are repeated frequently may be specially con- 
tracted, and, if possible, the contraction should be noted on the mar- 
gin of the page of notes when first made, so that it may be seen when 
transcribing. The contractions in this chapter will serve as guides for 
the formation of others. 




CHAPTER VI.— Phrasing. 

3 92. Many words of common use which frequently occur to- 
gether in speech may be joined together like the syllables of one word. 
Words thus joined in the same outline in phonography are termed a 
phrase, and the joining of words together in phonography is termed 
phrasing. 

Phrases are of two classes, viz., those formed by joining together 
the usual outlines of two or more words, and those formed by special 
outlines. 

GBNERAIv RULE FOR PHRASING. 

2 93- Words which are connected together in one expression of 
thought may be phrased when the junction is easy and the outline 
produced will not conflict w T ith the outline of any word. Except in 
certain phrases formed by special outlines, the first word of a phrase 
should be written in its proper position, and the following word or 
words j oined to it. 

Phrases should not be written which contain many strokes; few 
phrases should contain over two or three words. No phrase should 
be written which carries the pen far below or above the line. 

RKMARK 1. The joining of words into phrases in a discreet man- 
ner enhances the legibility of the shorthand notes rather than detracts 
from it, because, the modified and modifying words being grouped 
together, the context is more easily and quickly understood. It also 
mhances brevity and facility by saving time consumed in pen-liftings, 
.lowever, 110 gain in speed is made by phrasing until the student has 
become sufficiently familiar with the methods of phrasing, and with 
the most common phrase-signs, to form phrases in his practice without 
hesitation. A limited degree of speed is attained sooner without the 
use of phrase-writing; but all convenient and brief phrase-signs must 
be adopted an 1 used in order to reach the higher rates of speed. 

45 



46 Gilberts Phonography, 

Remark 2. This chapter is devoted mainly to phrases formed by 
special outlines. Those formed by the junction of the usual outlines 
of words need no special illustrations, for the learner can form them, 
when desired, in accordance with the above general rule. 

WORDS JOINED BY TICKS. 

\ 94. A, an or and may be denoted by a horizontal or vertical 
tick, joined initially, finally or between words, and in any position; 
thus, 



1 



^X A....n....^....^ ..r7,...lrrrr -Z. 

A thing, a country, an idea, you and me, is a, as a, and but, 
and should, and a, and the, and can, not an, and for, and shall. 

Remark. This tick should seldom be joined finally except to 
the word-signs. 

\ 95. The may be denoted by a slanting tick, joined initially, 
finally or between words, in any position, written, if possible, in such 
direction as to form an acute angle with the preceding stroke; thus, 



.4S> 



^...r°..^.A...^..^...L L..r..^...\..A 



The time, the nature, the same, for the, is the, as the, take 
the, find the, and the, at the time, or the, on the, make the, pay 
the, show the. 

Remark. The ///<?-tick, when joined finally, does not differ from 
the /-tick, but the reporter does not experience inconvenience from 
this fact, because the two ticks do not conflict. It is the better prac- 
tice to join this tick finally than initially; it should seldom be joined 
initially. 

\ 96. The M^-tick or <?-tick may be disjoined and written in place 
of the con-dot or ing-dot, to denote both; thus, 

S....1 ^ L.^.J. 

The condition, a conclusion, a company, and completing a, 
taking the, feeling an, and committing the, letting the, telling an, 
and concerning the, a comparison, a communication. 



Gilbert's Phonography, 47 

\ 97. He or him may be joined finally or between words by a 
slanting tick in the same manner as the. When the word-sign he is 
joined to a following word, it must retain its position on the line; thus, 

....A> ?....-->•. s\ 4.~ ..?».. JSwrt*-..*^.. -*..../U«,.. 

Does he, is he, for him, make him, giving him, he took, he 
got, get him, effect him, he resided, he said, he can. 

\ 98. /may be joined initially by a slanting tick written in the 
first position, and finally or between words by a vertical or horizontal 
tick (as a is denoted); thus, 



,...X... VN ...^.......l. 



■v 

I came, I am, I shall, I know, but I request, and I, were I, 
because I think, I brought, I remember, should I be, what I said, 
I did. 

\ 99. There, their, they are, other ox either may be joined finally 
or between words by a heavy slanting tick, when not convenient to 
join the usual sign. When following the syllable -ing, this tick is 
used in place of the dot; thus, 

.....%....^S.. .{ rr.t..S, fe„, £ S/.. .^..1..£2*.**... V .4:, ; 

Suppose there, makes their, taking their, coming there, thinking 
there, those other, that is there, believing they are, choose their, 
considering there, making other, showing there, putting their, try- 
ing their. 

WORDS JOINED BY CIRCLES. 

\ 100. Us, is, his, as or has may be joined finally or between 
other words by an s-circle, or by enlarging an ^-circle. The word-signs 
is, his, as and has may be joined initially, each retaining its proper 
position, except as, which is sometimes written in the position of the 
following word. An ^-circle word-sign may be enlarged to add any 
other ^-circle sign-word, or us; thus, 



:*^. : .£ 



A....<r^.S>....*.Z.£..?..S 



48 Gilberts Phonography. 

For us, at his, gives us, as soon as, as late as, as is, is said, 
as if, takes us, his is, as is done, makes his, as yet, what is, as 
would, as you can. 

He has, that is, this has, with us, as such, as can be, is that, 
is this, as many, by us, to his, on his, such as, is impossible, is 
done. 

HALF-CIRCLE WORD-SIGNS ENLARGED. 

\ 101. Any of the half-circle w r ord-signs may be enlarged to add 
we, were, what or would; thus, 

..°...... C ....:C....3....o V 2.....L.. .^.....Qi....iL^....TS...? 

What we, we were, were you, would we, you would, yet you, 
would we say, what would it, with what has been, you would com 
sider, yet we say, we w r ould be, what would there. 

WORDS DENOTED BY VOWELS. 

\ 102. The following words may be represented by their vowels 
alone, when preceded by a word the consonant stem of which can be 
used to imply the required vowel: 

..!\.A.Z\ — ^.. < rC... . 1o ...d'... c £...^..<li . 

a. He, the or it. That he, when the, shall it, where he, may 
the, have it, if he, think the, break it, help the, check it, that he 
shall be, that it was. 

If it should be, I think it was, keep it, leave him, where it is, 
when he came, I think it is, wmere he said, when it is done, that it 
is said, shall he be, I think it did. 

b. Had. It had, they had, she had, where had, such had, 
which had, have had, there had, when had, it had been, where 
had he, there had never been, .she had done, the}' had returned. 



Gilbert ' s Ph on ography \ 



49 



^ r 



1 ^ 



1 J c u> 



J U i r^ ^) 



r. What, ought. In what, what will, it ought, in what way, 
at what, she ought, that ought, where ought, when ought, at what 
time, it ought never, there ought not, what will be the, as there 
ought, in what degree. 



d. Would. That would, it would, she would, where would, 
when would, there would, which would, such would, that would do, 
there would be, it would require, they would likely, she would 
never, such would be the, w T here w r ould they, which would be. 



L^..^J.\,^..<Z.L.l 



.Ss~. 



t 



fc 



.1/ 



e. /, time. That time, will I, may I, shall I, have I, when T, 
where I, which I, that I, any time, have time, at that time, at any 
time, do I, such time. 



I—" V=7^- 



•\f« 



V 



I/-V 



^1 



f. You, your, out. That you, shall you, may your, when } T ottr, 
where you, which you, have you, will you, do you, give you if 
you, are you, you are, can you, take you. 

Brought out, sell out, grow out, keep out, that you may, when 
you can, are you aware, can you take, you are responsible, do you 
remember, will you be. 

At your expense, for your sake, are you prepared, at your re- 
quest, if you please, when you cannot, where you make, keep you, 
love you, from von, from your standing. 



50 Gilbert's Phonography. 

WORDS DEMOTED BY HOOKS. 

\ 103. We, withy were. Phrases beginning with we or with 
should be written in first position , and those with were in second po- 
sition; thus, 

We will, we may, we know, we never, we are, we live (leave), 
we recollect, we returned, we always, we retain, we learn, w 7 e must- 

..^.^..^.^ 

With regard, with reference, with respect, with reason, with 
my, with many, with no, were made, were never, were none (known), 
were rendered, were mentioned. 

I 104. The word-signs we, were, you, what and would may be 
joined in the following phrases in the same manner as hooks; thus, 



y<) yxyXXX-XO t 



Of what, to what, and what, on what, all would, and would, 
he would, we begin, we got (go), we give (get), we can (came), we 
could, we gave, we gather. 

Were given, were gained, were gone (begun), were come, you 
say (see), you saw, you shall, you do, you did (had), you take, 
you think, you have, you doubt, you wish, you desire, you de- 
serve, you took. 

. f ..L,....^..:...^..C.. ( ../.. < ^.X..£..c..- 

\ 105. All. At all, cfall, to all, and all, who all, on all, if 
all, for all, they all, that all, which all, in all, by all, at all times, 
they would all, they ought all. 



(.X.Z...^?....^....^.C..ft..^..l!■..^I.^.^..#! 



,1 



\ 106. Will. That will, they will, which will, such will, if it 
will, if you will, that I will, that you will, which you will, but will, 



Gilbert's Phonography. 51 

all will, it will, much will, each will, and will, who will; he will, 
that it will. 

\ 107. Arc, our. That are (our), they are, all our (are), and 

are (our), which our (are), such are, who are, but our (are), now 

are, if you are, that } r ou are, which you are, by our, in our, have 
our, if our, for our, at our, of our, to our. 



$108. Own, one. Your own, their own, of our own, our own, 
her own, by our own, for our own, and our own, at our own, for 
your own, at your own, from your own, some one, same one, that 
I own, which you own, that you own, right one, by one. 

For one, if one, that one, another one, neither one; anyone, 
in one, from one, which one, each one, either one, other one, 
every one, loved one, not one, only one, over one. 

F-HOOK ON CURVED STROKES. 

\ 109. Of, if have, to have. jFmay be added to curved stems in 
phrasing by a long, narrow hook. 

-(;- - ^ ■*--* * *•-» C I b ^ 



^kl.O?d^\^.. 



L 

Out of, each of, part of, much of, all of, and of, such of, talk 
of, but if, or if, and if, to have, ought to have, like to have, had 
to have; each have, which ought to have, it ought to have, it would 
have, do you have, are you to have. 

Are to have, we are to have, can you have, did have, which 
you have, tried to have, you are to have, they have, that you have, 
may I have, shall I have, may have, think you have, for you to 
have (if you have), when you have, they are to have (there have), 
we might have, now have. 



52 



Gilbert ' 5 Pho n ography. 



| no. Forth. Call forth, go forth, set forth, brought forth. 

L...^...a...^, 

§111. After, Day after, week after, long time after, came 
after, come after. 

? 112. A 7 ^/. If not, for not, may not, will not, we are not. 
can not, do not, did not, had not, hope not, be not, take not (il 
not), it ought not, it had not, do you not, shall I not, can you not, 
have not, have you not. 

? 113. It, had. Part of it, begin it, drive it, gave it, out of it, 
mean it, began it, remember it, apply it, try it, try to have it, 
taken it, can you have it, which you have had, it ought to have had, 
which have had, much of it, we are to have it, shown it, than it, 
run it. 

WORDS DENOTED BY FOURTH LENGTH. 

§ 114. There, their, other, they are, whether. 




Will there, may there, be there, at their, can there, shall there, 
where there is, if they are, are there, then they are, that there, find 
there is, taken there, down there. 

WORD-SIGNS PREFIXED AND SUFFIXED. 

\ 115. Any ^-circle or half-circle word-sign may be written in 
place of the *V*g r -dot, to represent both -ing and the sign-word. Us is 
denoted by the ^-circle in like manner, also -in by the //Miook; thus, 



Gilberts Phonography. 53 



Telling us, giving his, taking his, connecting with, calling us, 
showing yon, making you, trusting you, paying his, knowing 
what, coming in, passing in, placing in, dealing in. 

WORDS AXD SYLLABLES IMPLIED IN PHRASING. 

2 116. A con-dot is implied by placing an outline partially under 
a preceding outline; thus, 

5^ ..>j.^...A...^\_.^...^..._ v ...l...A £...> /v.?-k- 



TJ" ■- >~» ' 

One condition, should contain, his compensation, common con 
struction, in his company, by conducting, after commencing, not 
containing, sum a conclusion, to confine, which complies, in this 
connection. 

\ 117. Of the, and sometimes of of a and of an, maybe implied; 

a. By writing the preceding and following outlines close together;, 
thus, 

One of the things, hours of the day, Mr. Jones of New York, 
importance of the situation, danger of a loss, condition of the market, 
news of the day, time of the meeting, name of the party. 

b. Sometimes by joining the preceding and following outlines 
thus, 

^...^...S^^.^™./^-.^^....:.......,.^...L<.. 

One of the most, any of them, place of business, mass of men, 
line of goods, one of them, court of chancery, kingdom of Great 
Britain, state of California, city of New York. 

\ 118. To, to the and sometimes to a may be implied: 
a. By writing the following stroke immediately under the line. 
thus, 



54 Gilbert's Phonography. 

To the time, to the beginning, to a place, to about, to admit, 
to advantage, to arrange, to become, to make, to lay, to the peo- 
ple, to the point, to the extent, to the effect, to-day, to-morrow, 
to-night. 

b. Sometimes by joining the preceding and following outlines; 
thus, 



tl 



.s... v ^.- u ^.t.-.w^v' 



Up to the time, try to do, ought to be, were to do, meant to be, 
ought to go, had to make, were to place, belongs to them, was to 
procure, not to pretend, expect to be, like to do. 

I 119. To, withy or, the, to have and and may be implied in the 
following and similar phrases: 

.^.^™u.j b *..v\ :; .^...d-. 

A..^..^...^...^...\Z..fc.. J .. s \..U..^..r^..^.. 

In regard to, in respect to, in reference to, in accordance with, 
in conjunction with, in connection with, in comparison with, in 
company with, w 7 ith regard to, with relation to, with respect to. 

Whether or not/ one or two, two or three, one or more, in the 
first, by the record, on the contrary, to have done, to have gone, 
to have taken, ought to have been, time and again, more and more, 
again and again, over and over. 

\ 120. From, to, and, after and in may be implied in the follow- 
ing and similar phrases in the manner illustrated; thus, 

.u.s^.. <p ^...5»vll .if., .y^.^'w ss^j".. 

From day to day, from hour to hour, from shore to shore, from 
house to house, from place to place, from time to time, from side to 
side, finer and finer, blacker and blacker, stronger and stronger, 
rougher and rougher, hand in hand, year after year. 



Gilbert's Phonography. 55 

SUGGESTIONS AS TO FORMING PHRASES. 

\ 121. Phrases which occur frequently in any line of work upon 
which the reporter is engaged or the student is practicing may be rep- 
resented by specially contracted outlines. These the writer should 
accustom himself to readily devise, taking care that the outlines selected 
do not conflict with the outlines of other words. 

The phrases given in this chapter will serve as guides for the 
formation of other similar phrases. 






56 



Gilbert's Phonography 



122. MISCELLANEOUS PHRASES. 



able to 
ail thr 
N^/ jP . As far as 



■*o~*-- 



as fast as 
as it 
.£?.., as it is 






\ 



■ys 



s... 



> 



>. 



as well as 
at any rate 
at hand 

at last 
at least 
at length 

at once 
aware of 
been said 

been told 
but not 
cannot tell 






X 



eternal life 
for the purpose (of) 
has it 






,br...U. 






..v^..°\ 




has (as) thr 
have been 
honorable member 

House of Commons 
House of Lords 
House of Reps. 

Houses of Pari' t 
human life 
► in order (to) 

in consequence (of) 
in consideration 
in more than one 



T- 



<**....^..„.. t 



in relation to 
in the first place 
in the second place 

into effect 
is it 

is thr 

it almost 

it is agreed 

it may have been 

it might have been 
it may become 
it might become 

just as good as 
just as great as 
just as long as 

just as well as 
just as soon as 
justice of the peace 

left hand (-ed) 
like all others 
may be 

may have been 
master in chancery 
might have been 

most countries 
most generally 
Mr. Chairman 

Mr. President 
must be 
must consider 

my dear sister 
my dear sir 
my husband 



Gilbert's Phonography. 



57 



.%fc£.^ 



3.V 



necessary conseqc e 

northeast 

-• gnrtheast quarter 

northwest 
northwest quarter 
'<*&- no, sir 

of all thr 
on the one hand 
...ft, on the othex* hand 



on either hand 
v prime minister 
•V pay off 



•\> 



.^ 



put off (forth) 
right hon. lord 
Roman Catholic-ism 

Savior Jesus Christ 
shortest time 
- some better 



southeast quarter 
P a s \ P southwest quarter 

Ca~ ' S' suit in chancery 

Supreme Being 
i i taking it for grant d 

.rrr). . urr^ takes it for granted 



they were 
the other 
•\- to be 

to the 
.<^?.... to thr 

were not 



» (■■ 



\r 



V- 



€... 



west half 
western country 
./V> western man (men) 

were thr 
who were 
? t with all 

with it 
with thr 
. -6 yes, sir 

you will 
your honor 
..<*.- your attention 



1..V...W 



three or four 
four or five 
five or six 



six or seven 



S».kr..:o5 



seven or eight 
ight or nine 



nine or ten 



> ^ Q-t^ 1 six or eight 



?i.:..-x...l 



-v 



eight or ten 

ten or twelve 
ten or fifteen 
twelve or fifteen 

day or two 

a day or two after 
time or two 



week or two 
£-0 v^ week or two after 



vear or two 



CHAPTER VII. — Punctuation, Additional Vowel- 
Signs, and Words Distinguished. 

punctuation. 

\ 123. The minor punctuation-marks are best denoted in report- 
ing by leaving a little more space than usual between words. Even 
the colon and period may sometimes be denoted in this way. The 
width of space left should be proportionate to the length of the pause 
to be indicated. The comma, semicolon, colon, caret and marks of 
reference, such as the asterisk, dagger, double -dagger, etc., are written 
by the signs used in common longhand. The following are the punctu- 
ation-signs peculiar to Phonography: 



//^i.. {) 




Peiiod, interrogation, exclamation, dash, hyphen, parenthesis, 
brackets, paragraph. 

Remark. Brackets are used only to inclose a note which the 
reporter desires to make in his own language in a body of reporting 
notes. If the note consists of but two or three words, it is usually 
inclosed in a circle instead of by brackets. 

\ 1 24. A word is designated as beginning with a capital letter by 
being underscored by two short parallel lines. 

ADDITIONAL VOWEL-SIGNS. 

\ 125. It is sometimes necessary to denote a vowel which cannot 
be implied, or which cannot be sufficiently implied, as in the case of 
names with which the reporter is unfamiliar. In such cases vowels 
may be denoted by disjoined dots and dashes in the manner shown in 
the following table: 

58 



Gilbert's / tonography. 



59 



ah 



'i 124. TAI5TJC OK YOWKI.S AND DIKTHONGS. 

1 -|- 1 V A 



e 







\i 



-i- 



§ 126. The vowel-sign is placed beside the consonant-stroke at 
the beginning to denote a vowel of the first position, at the center to 
denote a vowel of the second position, and at the end to denote a vowel 
of the third position. The difthong sign is placed at the end for the 
second position. 

\ 127. When a vowel comes after a consonant, the vowel-sign is 
placed to the right of the consonant-stroke if it be slanting or perpen- 
dicular, and beneath it if horizontal. When a vowel comes before a 
consonant, the vowel-sign is, of course, placed on the opposit side. 

\ 128. When a vowel-sign is placed after a consonant-stem, the 
vowel is read after an /- or r-hook, but before the t or d of the elt- and 
tfr/-hooks, and before any final hook, loop, circle or tick; thus, 



..*.3^v3 3L* 



trade, bright, played, browned, frighten, gladden, friends, blown. 
\ 129. When it is desired to denote the vowel as coming between 
a consonant and an /- or r-hook, the dash vow r el-signs and the dif- 
thong-signs are struck through the consonant-stroke, and the dot- 
vowels are designated by small circles placed before the consonant- 
strokes for long vowels and after the consonant-strokes for short vow- 
els; thus, 

i^x..^....<,r...*...<^ 

deer, kill, failed, felt, fool, accord, door, shorten, core. 
\ 130. The sound of w may be prefixed to a vowel by a small 
half-circle written in place of the vowel-sign, opening to the right for 
dot- vowels and to the left for dash-vowels, written heavy for long vow- 
els and light for short vowels. W is prefixed to the difthongs by the 
signs shown in the following table. 



6o 



G ilbert ' 5 Pk o n ogi 'aphy ■ . 



131. W PREFIXED TO VOWELS AND DIFTHONGS. 
DIFTHOXGS. 



we 


c 


c 


Wl 


wan 


^ 


^ 


WO 


Wl t- 


1 


wa 


c 


c 


we 


wo 


5 


d 


\vu 






wah 


c 


c 


wa 


woo 


o 


D 


woo 


wow -y 








c ' 


u 


""» • 




^e c * 






•^ 


— <* 






c 


d: •>*• — 





quit, quote, quite, equator, inquest, quack, quotient, quibble. 

\ 132. The sound of_y may be prefixed to a vowel by a small half- 
circle written in place of the vowel-sign, opening upward for dot- vow- 
els and downward for dash-vowels, written heavy for long vowels and 
light for short vowels. 

\ 133. Y PREFIXED TO VOWELS. 



ye 


w 





yi 


ya 


u 


VI 


ye 


vah 


V 





ya 



yau 

yo 

yoo 



yo 

yu 

yoo 



= ..*.>*.£>..ai.*. 



canyon, young, bilious, lawyer, Christian, onion. 



*- 



JN& 9 f ^ jfe . 



* 



Gilbert's Phonography 



61 



! 133. WORDS DISTINGUISHED WHICH ARE LIABLE TO CON- 
FLICT. 



purpose 
propose 

proportioned 
proportionate 

prohibition 
approbation 



protection 
>S-«-e. *v. . production 

*^y- prosecute 
%l ■ . persecute 




y 5 



Prussia 
Persia 



portion 
.)&.... Vg.. apportion 



~ train 

.J k 7 .... turn 



* I attainable 

.4t--.-L_^. tenable 



M 



4 



editor 
daughter 

disease 
decease 



demonstration 



.krcfc-.l... administration 



/ / gentle 
U-./l/..... genteel 



cost 

caused 



l.U 



extricate 
extract 



extension 
extenuation 



^ycN y corporal 
}y. corporeal 



c- c~o 



accordance 
credence 



t r s- s reatl y 

■Vt.... y../ . . . gradually 



<Y 



1 



favored 
favorite 



physical 
fiscal 



valuable 
K/V available 






atheist 
theist 



specially 
..?S. 1 especial-ly 



62 



Gilbert s Phonography. 




Q indication 

-W. . .7. . . <t>. . . induction 



_,. u innovation 
• • V©. . . !>£ . invasion 

^ o ingenious 

ingenuous 



■w 



steady 



n melioration 

...0^7 Jfr. amelioration 



<~^ 



>P 



> P.. 



•V 




v-V"^ 



..v,. 



opposition 

position 

possession 

appropriation 

proportion 

preparation 

Prussian 
Parisian 
Persian 

prompt 

permit 
promote 



.r.5\n* 



prominent 
c \^_^ permanent 
- pre-eminent 



acquisition 

p accession 

__Q accusation 

collision 
coalition 
C — ^.-/^c @, collusion 

migrate 

^_- ^«^— immigrate 

s~^* emigrate 

writer 
reader 

rhetor 
orator 



* In phrasing, write less upward and else downward; in that case the doX 
need not be written. 



CHAPTER VIII. — Phonographic Nomenclature. 

A method of names for shorthand characters serves a useful pur- 
pose in teaching. 

A phonographic character may bo indicated in speech by simply 
pronouncing the sounds which are represented by the character; thus, 
vi-lashun, violation; r77, rely; spirt, spirit; skuz, excuse; poseshim, 
possession, etc. A consonant-stroke without a vowel is denoted by 
simply pronouncing its consonantal pow r er without uttering a vowel 
sound; thus, bra-k, break; k-whi, queen, etc. 

Phonographic characters may be denoted in print in the same 
manner. All the consonants and vowels which are expressed by a 
consonant-stroke and its modifying hooks, circles, loops or ticks are 
grouped together, and a hyphen is inserted before the next stroke if it 
is joined to the first; thus, ekses-w-li, excessively; kot y coat; or else 
the hook, circle, loop or tick is set off by a hyphen and put in inter- 
quotation marks; thus, * irt-akshun, inaction; l ind'-kaskuii\ indica- 
tion; to-b-' ster, 1 lobster; stout-' steh* stoutest, etc. 

Ticks are named after the consonants they resemble in direction 
and shading, when it is desired to show the direction in which they are 
written; thus, be- { ray-tick ,' beat; be- ( j-tick, y bead, etc. 

The word-signs, prefixes and suffixes are put in inter-quotation 
marks; thus, ' inter' -up shun, interruption; gi-'ded,' guided; set-Hng* ', 
setting; 'and'- 'with,' etc. 

EXERCISE. 

'A' grat pahrt 'of 'the' miz-riz 'of 'man '-kind ahr braut pon 
dhe bi 'the' fauls es-mat dha mak 'of 'the ' val 'of ings 'and' bi 
dher gi-' ing ' ' too ' uch fau dher hwis-elz. 

KEY. 

A great part of the miseries of mankind are brought upon them 
by the false estimate they make of the value of things, and by theit 
giving too much for their whistles. 

03 



CHAPTER IX.— Practice: Exercise?. 
SPEECH OP ABRAHAM LINCOLN AT GETTYSBURG. 



.^.^. 



■i 



«r- 



..U 



Ur^. 



.^ i. 



^ 






>e >~L_. 



^ 



V 



^ 



•*-&. 



/l, 



».v^.^:..^. 









■£7 



1: 



r. ^/ 



V 






.^ 



c^ 



-i,-^ (^ 



.< ? .^...1.^ , .^..._..>.:1..^.^.^^-^.. H ... 

^.r^:^. \..u..s^rs^ L&.J. ...ur. _v..^ 

•^ (-.A...\,...X.^-'>^..y 



Gilbert's Phonography. 65 



SPEECH OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN AT GETTYBURG. 



Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this 
continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the 
proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a 
great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived 
and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field 
of that war. We are met to dedicate a portion of it as the final rest- 
ing-place of those who have given their lives that that nation might 
live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But 
in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot 
hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled 
here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract. The 
world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can 
never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be 
dedicated here to the unfinished work that they have thus far so nobly 
carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task 
remaining before us; that from these honored dead we take increased 
devotion to the cause for which they here gave the last full measure 
of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not 
have died in vain; that the nation shall, under God. have a new birth 
of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the 
people, shall not perish from the earth. 



66 



Gilbert's Phonography. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 
/ V.^.Vp^..^--^ ^.^W. 



•<b^- 






\j 



.€>.. 



u- 



Az:.cr..Xp^>...L:.t?.. 



.^..^...J. 



1 






:^.jl 






X. 



x _... 



r^\, 



^V^-^^^^-"<"™>v.^,*J. 



"fir A |M\ 



^t' 






Gilbert' s Phonography. 67 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 

i KEY 

Gentlemen: Having commenced business here on my own ac- 
count, with every prospect of success, I shall be glad to open an 
account with your house, doubting not it will be to our mutal 
advantage. With this view, I note below an order, which I shall thank 
you to execute with the least possible delay, and on your best terms 
as to goods and prices. I beg to refer you to my late employer, Henry 
Benson of Chicago, who will satisfy you as to my integrity and trust- 
worthiness; but, as this is a first transaction, on your forwarding me 
an invoice of the goods, deducting discount for cash, I shall remit a 
sight draft, on a bank in your city for the amount per return mail. 
Requesting your usual prompt attention, I am. 
Yours, respectfully, 

Dear Sir: Agreeable to your esteemed order of the 2nd inst., 
we have the pleasure to enclose invoice of goods amounting to 5937, 
subject to five per cent discount for prompt cash. 

We may mention that, from the opinion entertained of you by 
Mr. Benson, we have no hesitation in opening the account, and at 
once placing you on our best terms. The parcels have been dis- 
patched this day per Adams Express, and we trust they will arrive 
safely and receive your approval. We believe the goods will bear a 
favorable comparison with those of any house in the trade, and desire 
that you should satisfy yourself as to value and quantities before re- 
mitting settlement. We are, 

Yours respectfully, 

Gentlemen : We beg to introduce to you the bearer, Mr. George 
Tucker, of this city. He intends to purchase goods in your city, and 
you will please furnish to him any funds he may desire, not exceeding 
eight thousand dollars, and charge to our account, taking either his 
receipt or draft on us, as may be most agreeable to you. You will 
find Mr. Tucker's signature on the margin. 



'Practice is better than theory. 
Experience teaches slowly, and at 
the cost of mistakes." 



True of Typewriters as of other things! Emi- 
nently the creation of practical experience is the 
Remington Standard Typewriter of to-day. 




An illustrated catalogue is sent on application. 



WYCKOFF, SEAMANS & BENEDICT, 

175 Monroe St., CHICAGO, ILL. 




FINE * * * * 

SHORTHAND 

ENGRAVING 



GILBERT BROS. 

TAXIDERMISTS 

815 North 1 6th St. 

OMAHA, NEB. 

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Horns. Birds and Mammals mounted 
to order and kept in stock. Bugs made 
to order and kept in stock. Tanning 
and general Furrier work done. First- 
class workmanship. Prices reasonable. 
Send for catalogue. 




GILBERT 'S PUBLIC ATION 

TEXT-BOOK OF GILBERT'S PHONOGRAPHY. &E$^?g*&£ 

struction and use in schools; concise, clear, with abundant illustrations. Pho- 
nography as taught in this book reaches the apex of brevity without the omission 
of vowels which is necessary in all other systems. Bound in cloth, $1.00. 

NOW IN PRESS. 

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accompanying. 

ADVANCED REPORTER'S PRACTICE BOOK. gS^^M^ 8 

reporting expedients and short cuts, and legal testimony, speeches, etc. Beauti- 
fully engraved in the briefest style of Phonography, with Key. 



JUSTIN GILBERT, Publisher, 125 Dearborn Street, Chicago. 

the NATIONAL 
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by ISAAC S. DEMENT 

116 DEARBORN STREET 
CHICAGO, ILL. 

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